一种基于地图辅助的自动驾驶视-惯融合定位方法

视觉同步定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, SLAM)方法广泛应用于自动驾驶领域。传统的方法利用车载摄像头表征车辆周围环境，同时估计自身位置，当车辆运动过快时，定位精度和鲁棒性会下降。针对此问题，本文提出一种地图辅助的视-惯融合定位方法。该方法在ORB-SLAM2(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF SLAM2)的基础上拓展地图保存功能，将建图和定位拆分为两个独立模块，车辆首先以较慢的速度构建并保存具有视觉特征的地图，然后，在第2次运行时车载计算机调用预先保存的地图实现精确且稳定的定位性能。由于构建地图阶段采用了图优化算法融合惯性测量单元(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU)的信息，地图误差得到有效校正。在KITTI数据集场景和实际场景中验证了所提方法的良好性能。实验结果表明，所提方法在4, 8, 16 m·s-1 驾驶速度下的定位精度分别为2.59，2.61，2.73 m，图像失帧率和路径丢失率分别为3.76%和1.38%，3.89%和1.69%，4.27%和1.84%。相比原始的ORB-SLAM2方法，系统定位精度和鲁棒性均得到了提高。     

中国新能源汽车的发展现状及未来展望

随着全球能源和生态环境面临严峻挑战,节能和新能源汽车是解决中国能源和环境问题的关键措施,那么新能源汽车的推广也就会越来越广泛。对于不同技术的前景,产业界和学术界尚未达成共识。本文首先介绍了新能源汽车的概念和发展历史,讲述了我国纯电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车和燃料电池汽车的发展现状,并进一步分析了目前新能源汽车产业的发展机遇,并对其未来发展前景进行展望。最后,针对新能源汽车动力电池技术、安全性、基础设施建设等方面存在的问题,提出发展建议。     

Fully autonomous vehicles: analyzing transportation network performance and operating scenarios in the Greater Toronto Area,Canada

Fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to considerably change urban mobility in the future. This study simulates potential AV operating scenarios in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, and assesses transportation system performance on a regional level. For each scenario, the base capacities of certain types of road links are modified to simulate the theoretical increase in throughput enabled by AV driving behavior. Another scenario examines driverless parking operations in downtown Toronto. Simulation results indicate that the increased attractiveness of freeways relative to other routes leads to slightly increased average travel distance as vehicles divert to access higher capacity road links. Average travel time is found to decrease by up to one-fifth at the 90% AV market penetration level. Concurrently, localized increases in congestion suggest that proactive transportation planning will be needed to mitigate negative consequences of AV adoption, especially in relation to induced demand for personal automobile travel.     

基于信号和车辆系统联控的弓靴转换控制设计研究

广州地铁4号、5号、6号、14号、21号线运营线路采用第三轨集电靴受流方式,车辆段采用接触网受电弓受流方式,列车在进出车辆段时,需在弓靴转换点处进行降弓升靴或降靴升弓的操作,传统"人防"监控方法是人工监控与视频监控。文章研究利用信号定位、车辆控制软件联控的方式,实现列车弓靴转换由"人防"向"技防"的转变,设计研究成果已在广州地铁14号、21号线车辆段出入段线弓靴转换点处成熟应用。该设计研究方案能优化列车出入场管理、节约人力资源,并从根本上解决人工未按要求进行弓靴转换而产生的安全风险。     

A statistical analysis of consumer perceptions towards automated vehicles and their intended adoption

ABSTRACT

While automated vehicle (AV) development continues to progress rapidly, how the public will accept and adopt automated vehicles remains an open question. Using extensive survey data, we apply cluster analysis to better understand consumer perceptions toward potential benefits and concerns related to AVs with regard to factors influencing their AV adoption likelihood. Four market segments are identified – ‘benefits-dominated,’ ‘concerns-dominated,’ ‘uncertain,’ and ‘well-informed.’ A random parameters multinomial logit model is then estimated to identify factors influencing the probability of respondents belonging to one of these four market segments. Among other influences (such as socio-economic and current travel characteristics), it is found that ‘Millennials’ have a higher probability of belonging to the well-informed market segment, ‘Gen-Xers’ with a lower probability to the uncertain market segment, and ‘Baby Boomers’ with a higher probability to the concerns-dominated market (relative to the ‘Great Generation’). We also study the individuals’ expressed likelihood of AV adoption using separate random parameters ordered probit estimations for each of the four market segments. The substantial and statistically significant differences across each AV consumer market segment underscore the potentially large impact that different consumer demographics may have on AV adoption and the need for targeted marketing to achieve better market-penetration outcomes.     

轨道车辆车下线缆波纹管自动穿线方案研究

通过九屏幕分析法、因果分析法和功能分析法梳理了轨道车辆车下线缆波纹管穿线的技术难点,提出新的波纹管自动穿线方案。通过方案成本核算、效率分析和工人体力负荷改善性分析对新的波纹管自动穿线方案进行评价。改进后的波纹管穿线方案能有效地提高工作效率,降低操作员的工作强度。     

信息安全技术在沈阳地铁10号线信号系统中的应用研究

按照信息安全技术标准的要求,分析目前已运营的城市轨道交通信号系统在安全防护方面存在的问题。根据分析结果,建立沈阳地铁10号线信号系统的信息安全方案模型,并从技术和管理2个方面进行研究,使其满足信息安全等级保护三级的要求。     

某纯电动汽车直流充电异常分析及解决方案

随着纯电动汽车的普及,电动汽车充电系统运行的可靠性及稳定性关乎整车的安全性,车辆在充电过程中出现充电异常的情况,应受到足够的重视。本文通过某纯电动汽车在点火锁处于关闭状态下直流充电异常的案例,结合整车控制通信架构讲述该纯电动汽车快充系统无法充电的异常原因分析及排除过程,为电动汽车从业者提供一些整车通信网络架构设计思路和充电异常的分析思路。     

在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害成因分析及治理措施研究北大核心CSCD

盾构法广泛应用于我国城市轨道交通隧道的建设中,盾构管片的病害问题也越发受到重视。文章针对某地铁在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害,绘制了管片破损病害展布图,分析了相关资料和检测数据,明确了病害的成因机理,制定并实施了相应治理措施。研究结果表明:管片背后大范围空洞导致围岩对隧道的约束不足,引起已成型隧道在盾构机反推力和扭矩、同步注浆浆液浮力、刀盘水土压力和扭矩等作用下发生类压杆弯扭失稳是导致该病害的主要原因;隧道变形监测数据表明"背后注浆填充+破损部位修复"两阶段治理措施取得了良好的治理效果;盾构隧道施工过程中,应严格管控同步注浆质量,防止隧道轴线偏移引起盾构管片发生开裂破损等病害。     

Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand,station congestion,and network equilibrium

Battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs) generally offer better air quality through lowered emissions, along with energy savings and security. The issue of long-duration battery charging makes charging-station placement and design key for BEV adoption rates. This work uses genetic algorithms to identify profit-maximizing station placement and design details, with applications that reflect the costs of installing, operating, and maintaining service equipment, including land acquisition. Fast electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are placed across a congested city's network subject to stochastic demand for charging under a user-equilibrium traffic assignment. BEV users’ station choices consider endogenously determined travel times and on-site charging queues. The model allows for congested-travel and congested-station feedback into travelers’ route choices under elastic demand and BEV owners’ station choices, as well as charging price elasticity for BEV charging users.Boston-network results suggest that EVCSs should locate mostly along major highways, which may be a common finding for other metro settings. If 10% of current EV owners seek to charge en route, a user fee of $6 for a 30-min charging session is not enough for station profitability under a 5-year time horizon in this region. However, $10 per BEV charging delivers a 5-year profit of $0.82 million, and 11 cords across 3 stations are enough to accommodate a near-term charging demand in this Boston-area application. Shorter charging sessions, higher fees, and/or allowing for more cords per site also increase profits generally, everything else constant. Power-grid and station upgrades should keep pace with demand, to maximize profits over time, and avoid on-site congestion.